1. Pitzalis C, Kelly S, Humby F. New learnings on the pathophysiology of RA from synovial biopsies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013;25:334–344.
3. Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Barton A, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018;4:18001.
4. Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review. JAMA 2018;320:1360–1372.
6. Crisp AJ, Chapman CM, Kirkham SE, Schiller AL, Krane SM. Articular mastocytosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1984;27:845–851.
8. Rivellese F, Mauro D, Nerviani A, et al. Mast cells in early rheumatoid arthritis associate with disease severity and support B cell autoantibody production. Ann Rheum Dis 2018;77:1773–1781.
9. van de Sande MG, de Hair MJ, van der Leij C, et al. Different stages of rheumatoid arthritis: features of the synovium in the preclinical phase. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:772–777.
10. Waldner H. The role of innate immune responses in autoimmune disease development. Autoimmun Rev 2009;8:400–404.
12. Dahlin JS, Hallgren J. Mast cell progenitors: origin, development and migration to tissues. Mol Immunol 2015;63:9–17.
13. Amin K. The role of mast cells in allergic inflammation. Respir Med 2012;106:9–14.
14. Godfrey HP, Ilardi C, Engber W, Graziano FM. Quantitation of human synovial mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 1984;27:852–856.
15. Malone DG, Wilder RL, Saavedra-Delgado AM, Metcalfe DD. Mast cell numbers in rheumatoid synovial tissues. Correlations with quantitative measures of lymphocytic infiltration and modulation by antiinflammatory therapy. Arthritis Rheum 1987;30:130–137.
16. Kopicky-Burd JA, Kagey-Sobotka A, Peters SP, et al. Characterization of human synovial mast cells. J Rheumatol 1988;15:1326–1333.
17. Kiener HP, Baghestanian M, Dominkus M, et al. Expression of the C5a receptor (CD88) on synovial mast cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:233–245.
18. Ceponis A, Konttinen YT, Takagi M, et al. Expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and SCF receptor (c-kit) in synovial membrane in arthritis: correlation with synovial mast cell hyperplasia and inflammation. J Rheumatol 1998;25:2304–2314.
21. Gotis-Graham I, McNeil HP. Mast cell responses in rheumatoid synovium. Association of the MCTC subset with matrix turnover and clinical progression. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:479–489.
24. Woolley DE, Tetlow LC. Mast cell activation and its relation to proinflammatory cytokine production in the rheumatoid lesion. Arthritis Res 2000;2:65–74.
26. Lee H, Kashiwakura J, Matsuda A, et al. Activation of human synovial mast cells from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis patients in response to aggregated IgG through Fcγ receptor I and Fcγ receptor II. Arthritis Rheum 2013;65:109–119.
27. Suurmond J, Rivellese F, Dorjee AL, et al. Toll-like receptor triggering augments activation of human mast cells by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;74:1915–1923.
28. Rivellese F, Suurmond J, Habets K, et al. Ability of interleukin-33- and immune complex-triggered activation of human mast cells to down-regulate monocyte-mediated immune responses. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015;67:2343–2353.
29. Martin CA, Carsons SE, Kowalewski R, Bernstein D, Valentino M, Santiago-Schwarz F. Aberrant extracellular and dendritic cell (DC) surface expression of heat shock protein (hsp)70 in the rheumatoid joint: possible mechanisms of hsp/DC-mediated cross-priming. J Immunol 2003;171:5736–5742.
31. Gondokaryono SP, Ushio H, Niyonsaba F, et al. The extra domain A of fibronectin stimulates murine mast cells via toll-like receptor 4. J Leukoc Biol 2007;82:657–665.
32. Okamura Y, Mishima S, Kashiwakura JI, et al. The dual regulation of substance P-mediated inflammation via human synovial mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Allergol Int 2017;66S:S9–S20.
34. Xu D, Jiang HR, Li Y, et al. IL-33 exacerbates autoantibody-induced arthritis. J Immunol 2010;184:2620–2626.
35. Kashiwakura J, Yanagisawa M, Lee H, et al. Interleukin-33 synergistically enhances immune complex-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-8 production in cultured human synovium-derived mast cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;161 Suppl 2:32–36.
37. Bridges AJ, Malone DG, Jicinsky J, et al. Human synovial mast cell involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Relationship to disease type, clinical activity, and antirheumatic therapy. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34:1116–1124.
40. Kroner J, Kovtun A, Kemmler J, et al. Mast cells are critical regulators of bone fracture-induced inflammation and osteoclast formation and activity. J Bone Miner Res 2017;32:2431–2444.
43. McNeil HP, Shin K, Campbell IK, et al. The mouse mast cell-restricted tetramer-forming tryptases mouse mast cell protease 6 and mouse mast cell protease 7 are critical mediators in inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:2338–2346.
46. Chu Y, Wang J, Zhou X. Mast cell chymase in synovial fluid of collagen-induced-arthritis rats regulates gelatinase release and promotes synovial fibroblasts proliferation via FAK/p21 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019;514:336–343.
48. Norrby K. Mast cells and angiogenesis. APMIS 2002;110:355–371.
49. Hoxha M. A systematic review on the role of eicosanoid pathways in rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Med Sci 2018;63:22–29.
51. Mathis SP, Jala VR, Lee DM, Haribabu B. Nonredundant roles for leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 in inflammatory arthritis. J Immunol 2010;185:3049–3056.
52. Miyahara N, Ohnishi H, Miyahara S, et al. Leukotriene B4 release from mast cells in IgE-mediated airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009;40:672–682.
56. Hueber AJ, Asquith DL, Miller AM, et al. Mast cells express IL-17A in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. J Immunol 2010;184:3336–2340.
57. Kan J, Mishima S, Kashiwakura J, et al. Interleukin-17A expression in human synovial mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Allergol Int 2016;65 Suppl:S11–S16.
64. Stelekati E, Bahri R, D’Orlando O, et al. Mast cell-mediated antigen presentation regulates CD8+ T cell effector functions. Immunity 2009;31:665–676.
66. Suurmond J, van Heemst J, van Heiningen J, et al. Communication between human mast cells and CD4(+) T cells through antigen-dependent interactions. Eur J Immunol 2013;43:1758–1768.
67. Gaudenzio N, Laurent C, Valitutti S, Espinosa E. Human mast cells drive memory CD4+ T cells toward an inflammatory IL-22+ phenotype. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131:1400–1407.
72. Sawamukai N, Yukawa S, Saito K, Nakayamada S, Kambayashi T, Tanaka Y. Mast cell-derived tryptase inhibits apoptosis of human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts via rho-mediated signaling. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:952–959.
74. Rossini M, Viapiana O, Zanoni G, et al. Serum levels of tryptase suggest that mast cells might have an antiinflammatory role in rheumatoid arthritis: comment on the article by Rivellese et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016;68:769.
75. Rivellese F, de Paulis A, Marone G, Pitzalis C, Toes RE. Reply. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016;68:769–770.
76. Magnusson SE, Pejler G, Kleinau S, Abrink M. Mast cell chymase contributes to the antibody response and the severity of autoimmune arthritis. FASEB J 2009;23:875–882.
78. Lee DM, Friend DS, Gurish MF, Benoist C, Mathis D, Brenner MB. Mast cells: a cellular link between autoantibodies and inflammatory arthritis. Science 2002;297:1689–1692.
79. Kneilling M, Hultner L, Pichler BJ, et al. Targeted mast cell silencing protects against joint destruction and angiogenesis in experimental arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:1806–1816.
81. Schubert N, Dudeck J, Liu P, et al. Mast cell promotion of T cell-driven antigen-induced arthritis despite being dispensable for antibody-induced arthritis in which T cells are bypassed. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015;67:903–913.
83. Pitman N, Asquith DL, Murphy G, Liew FY, McInnes IB. Collagen-induced arthritis is not impaired in mast cell-deficient mice. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:1170–1171.
85. Feyerabend TB, Weiser A, Tietz A, et al. Cre-mediated cell ablation contests mast cell contribution in models of antibody- and T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Immunity 2011;35:832–844.
86. Bluett J, Barton A. Precision medicine in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2017;43:377–387.
88. Suurmond J, Dorjee AL, Huizinga TW, Toes RE. Human mast cells costimulate T cells through a CD28-independent interaction. Eur J Immunol 2016;46:1132–1141.