Volume 41 Issue 2

Editorials Gastroenterology Clostridioides difficile infection in nucleic acid amplification test–positive/toxin-negative patients: to treat or not to treat

Tae-Geun Gweon

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):181-182.

Hemato-oncology A bridge, not a destination: clarifying the role of polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Ho-Young Yhim

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):183-185.

Reviews Gastroenterology The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: exploring the impacts of environmental factors

Jihye Park, Jae Hee Cheon

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):186-196.

Cardiology Pulsed field ablation: focused on atrial fibrillation ablation

Hong-Ju Kim, Chan-Hee Lee

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):197-209.

Endocrinology-metabolism From bench to bedside: adipose tissue fibrosis in obesity, anti-diabetic therapies, and bariatric surgery

Mihye Seo, Kyoil Suh, Hyeong Kyu Park, Kae Won Cho

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):210-229.

Hemato-oncology Assessment tools for peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma

Sung-Soo Park, Kunye Kwak, Seol-Hee Baek, Changgon Kim, Yoon Seok Choi, Yong Park, Byung Soo Kim, Jin Seok Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Ka-Won Kang

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):230-241.

Infectious diseases Updates on epidemiology and diagnostic tests of syphilis in South Korea

Dong Youn Kim, Ki-Ho Park

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):242-254.

Original Articles Gastroenterology Clinical features of NAAT-positive, toxin-negative Clostridioides difficile infections in South Korea

In Hyoung Choi, Chang Kyo Oh, Young Wook Cho, Young-Seok Cho

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):255-264.

The effect of HFE gene mutation and iron overload on sustained virological response in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients treated with daclatasvir and sofosbuvir

Emad M. Kodsi, Hisham Ismail, Randa Issa, Ahmed Elshaarawy, Moustafa A. Sakr, Eman L. Shehata, Emad R Issak

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):265-276.

Endocrinology-metabolism Development of Simple Assessment tool for predict imminent risk of Fracture in Elderly women

So Young Park, Sujin Kwon, Kyoung Jin Kim, Seong Hee Ahn, Ha Young Kim, Kyoung Min Kim

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):277-285.

Risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a nationwide population-based analysis

Jung Heo, Seo Young Sohn, Yun Jin Kim, Sung Woo Cho

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):286-295.

Hemato-oncology Real-world use of polatuzumab vedotin combined with bendamustine and rituximab for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma

Changgon Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Hyun-Young Kim, Duck Cho, Junhun Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):296-306.

High diffuse bone marrow uptake in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT may reflect the diverse mutational characteristics of multiple myeloma

Hee Jeong Cho, Donghyeon Lee, Tan Minh Le, Hong Duc Thi Nguyen, Juhyung Kim, Jung Min Lee, Dong Won Baek, Ha-Jeong Kim, Hyung Soo Han, Sang Kyun Sohn, Chae Moon Hong, Joon Ho Moon

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):307-316.

Infectious diseases Hemodialysis vascular access infections: epidemiology and risk factors for treatment failure

Shi Nae Yu, Eunjung Lee, Se Yoon Park, Oh-Hyun Cho, Sangchul Yun, Tark Kim, Min Seo Kang, Yae Jee Baek, Jongtak Jung, Tae Hyong Kim

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):317-327.

Allergy Drug hypersensitivity leading to emergency department visit: a comprehensive analysis of clinical features and management

Soo Jie Chung, Na Young Kim, So Jeong Kim, Junghyun Kim, Hang A Park, Jeong-Hee Choi

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):328-340.

Rheumatology Cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary validation of the Korean version of the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease-12 questionnaire

Bon San Koo, Jung Gon Kim, Bo Young Yoon, Ji-Hyoun Kang, Sung-Eun Choi, Sooin Jung, Seyeong Kim, Tae-Jong Kim

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):341-349.

Hospital medicine Global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Yi Deun Jeong, Seoyoung Park, Wonwoo Jang, Min Seo Kim, A Bhoomadevi, Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Mohammed Altigani Abdalla, Meriem Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Armita Abedi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Mohamed Abouzid, Dariush Abtahi, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Ahmad Y Abuhelwa, Salahdein Aburuz, Dina Abushanab, Lisa C Adams, Kamoru Ademola Adedokun, Nurudeen A Adegoke, Olumide Thomas Adeleke, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Mohd Adnan, Prince Owusu Adoma, David Adzrago, Habeeb Abiodun Afolabi, Vlad-Adrian Afrăsânie, Fatemeh Afrashteh, Saira Afzal, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Mahsa Ahadi, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Muayyad M Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Negar Sadat Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Sindew Mahmud Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Yazan Al-Ajlouni, Mostafa Alam, Fahmi Y Al-Ashwal, Wafa A Aldhaleei, Shereen M Aleidi, Ali M Alfalki, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa, Dari Alhuwail, Abid Ali, Bassam R Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammad Daud Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Morteza Alipour, Samah W Al-Jabi, Mohamad Aljofan, Mustafa Alkhawam, Mohammed Z Allouh, Sabah Al-Marwani, Joseph Uy Almazan, Mohammad R Alqudimat, Ahmad Rajeh Al-Qudimat, Intima Alrimawi, Mohammed A Alsabri, Najim Z Alshahrani, Awais Altaf, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya, Amr Amin, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, Jimoh Amzat, Filippos Anagnostakis, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi Anjorin, Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa, Saeid Anvari, Saleha Anwar, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Mosab Arafat, Jorge Arias de la Torre, Ghazal Arjmand, Jesu Arockiaraj, Anton A Artamonov, Ashokan Arumugam, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Mitra Ashrafi, Dereje Zewdu Assefa, Alok Atreya, Julie Alaere Atta, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Haleh Ayatollahi, Arian Azadnia, Ali Azargoonjahromi, Fahad Khan Azeez, Sadat Abdulla Aziz, Ahmed Y Azzam, Hediyeh Baghsheikhi, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Maciej Banach, Hansi Bansal, Simachew Animen Bante, Mainak Bardhan, Amadou Barrow, Zarrin Basharat, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Abdul-Monim Batiha, Kavita Batra, Mahdis Bayat, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayleyegn, Narasimha M Beeraka, Gokce Belge Bilgin, Abiye Assefa Berihun, Amiel Nazer C Bermudez, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee, Rajbir Bhatti, Raluca Bievel-Radulescu, Cem Bilgin, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Paria Bolourinejad, Sri Harsha Boppana, Alejandro Botero Carvajal, Norma B Bulamu, Felix Busch, Yasser Bustanji, Rose Cairns, Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay, Luis Alberto Cámera, Si Cao, Angelo Capodici, Andrea Carugno, Andre F Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Muthia Cenderadewi, Pamela Roxana Chacón-Uscamaita, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Lam Duc Chau, Sirshendu Chaudhuri, An-Tian Chen, Haowei Chen, Qingsong Chen, Xing Chen, Patrick R Ching, Daniel Youngwhan Cho, Bryan Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Shivani Chopra, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Sunghyun Chung, Alyssa Columbus, Joao Conde, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Mayank Dalakoti, Giovanni Damiani, Emanuele D’Amico, Endalamaw Tesfa Damtie, Anh Kim Dang, Samuel Demissie Darcho, Latefa Ali Dardas, Paul I Dargan, Emina Dervišević, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Pradeep Kumar Devarakonda, Kuldeep Dhama, Sameer Dhingra, Jingkai Di, Diana Dias da Silva, Shirin Djalalinia, Huyen Phuc Do, Sushil Dohare, Neda Dolatkhah, Mario D’Oria, Fariba Dorostkar, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Robert Kokou Dowou, Viola Savy Dsouza, Aster Dure Dumbullo, Senbagam Duraisamy, Sulagna Dutta, Abdel Rahman E’mar, Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud Ebraheim, Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh, Michael Ekholuenetale, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Chadi Eltaha, Abdelgawad Salah Eltahawy, Amir Emami Zeydi, Elochukwu Ezenwankwo, Heidar Fadavian, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ayesha Fahim, Mohammad Fareed, Sara Farina, Ali Fatehizadeh, Alireza Feizkhah, Ginenus Fekadu, Ulrich Membe Femoe, Rodrigo Fernandez-Jimenez, Pietro Ferrara, Nuno Ferreira, Florian Fischer, Federica Fogacci, Behzad Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Dominic Dormenyo Gadeka, Márió Gajdács, Dingwei Gao, Xiang Gao, David Garcia-Azorin, Rupesh K Gautam, Miglas Welay Gebregergis, Delaram J Ghadimi, Kazem Ghaffari, Arin Ghamkhar, Fariba Ghassemi, Zainab Gholami, Artyom Urievich Gil, Alem Abera Girmay, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Mohsen Golkar, Melika Golmohammadi, Nelson G M Gomes, Ayman Grada, Shi-Yang Guan, Giovanni Guarducci, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Veer Bala Gupta, Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo, Parishma Guttoo, Najah R Hadi, Pritam Halder, Sajid Hameed, Samer Hamidi, Harrison J Hansford, Mohammad Jahid Hasan, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Md Saquib Hasnain, Amr Hassan, Muhammad Hassan, Nageeb Hassan, Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Rasmus J Havmoeller, Khezar Hayat, Khedidja Hedna, Mohammad Heidari, Mojtaba Heydari, Yuta Hiraike, Alamgir Hossain, Sorin Hostiuc, Hanno Hoven, Guoqing Hu, Junjie Huang, Xiaojie Huang, Kiavash Hushmandi, Bing-Fang Hwang, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Abubakar Musa Isa, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Haitham Jahrami, Anmol Jain, Nityanand Jain, Vikash Jaiswal, Ruchi Jakhmola-Mani, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Armaan Jamal, Jerin James, Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe, Felix K Jebasingh, Gwang Hun Jeong, Seogsong Jeong, Bijay Mukesh Mukesh Jeswani, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Ashish Kumar Kakkar, Ashwin Kamath, Ramat T Kamorudeen, Saddam Fuad Kanaan, Samuel Berchi Kankam, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Rami S Kantar, Sujita Kumar Kar, Samad Karkhah, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Tomasz M M Karpiński, Joonas H Kauppila, Ariz Keshwani, Himanshu Khajuria, Mohammad Ali Khaksar, Sumaira Khalid-Ariturk, Ajmal Khan, Muhammad Mueed Khan, Ramsha Mushtaq Khan, Yusuf Saleem Khan, Zahid Khan, Sameer Uttamaro Khasbage, Haitham Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Jagdish Khubchandani, Adnan Kisa, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Farzad Kompani, Oleksii Korzh, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Irene Akwo Kretchy, Varun Krishna, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Mohammed Kuddus, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Dian Kusuma, Ville Kytö, Lucie Laflamme, Savita Lasrado, Duc Huy Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Caterina Ledda, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Vasileios Leivaditis, Jing Li, Virendra S Ligade, Liangquan Lin, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Erand Llanaj, Platon D Lopukhov, Jailos Lubinda, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Raimundas Lunevicius, Peng Luo, Ellina Lytvyak, Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma, Seyed Ataollah Madinezad, Aurea Marilia Madureira-Carvalho, Sasikumar Mahalingam, Mehrdad Mahalleh, Samatar Abshir Mahamed, Nozad Hussein Mahmood, Farhad Mahmoudi, Venkatesh Maled, Ahmad Azam Malik, Kamaruddeen Mannethodi, Shaista Manzoor, Roy Rillera Marzo, Sammer Marzouk, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Fernanda Penido Matozinhos, Khurshid A Mattoo, Steven M McPhail, Rishi P Mediratta, Vini Mehta, Hadush Negash Meles, Ritesh G Menezes, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda, Sachith Mettananda, GK Mini, Chaitanya Mittal, Natansh Deepak Modi, Yidnek Mogessie, Heba M Mohamed, Hebatalla Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Mona Gamal Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Taj Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Syam Mohan, Ali H Mokdad, Amirabbas Mollaei, Mohammad Ali Moni, Francis Nanda Prakash Monteiro, Anthony Kwame Morgan, Mahmoud M Morsy, Seyed Ahmad Mousavi, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi Kiasary, Kimia Mozahheb Yousefi, Sumaira Mubarik, Sumoni Mukherjee, Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan, Ghulam Mustafa, Mubarak Taiwo Mustapha, Sathish Muthu, Muhammad Muzaffar, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Amirhossein Naghibzadeh, Ganesh R Naik, Hiten Naik, Firzan Nainu, Gopal Nambi, Shumaila Nargus, Mahmoud Nassar, Zuhair S Natto, NA Nawsherwan, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Athare Nazri-Panjaki, Abigia Ashenafi Negash, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Long Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y Nguyen, Trang Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Ali Nikoobar, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Ramez M Odat, Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo, Olusegun Olatunji Ojedoyin, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Sylvester Reuben Okeke, Oluwaseyi Isaiah Olabisi, Andrew T Olagunju, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba, Folorunsho Bright Omage, Marcel Opitz, Atakan Orscelik, Augustus Osborne, Elham H Othman, Amel Ouyahia, Irene Amoakoh Owusu, Kolapo Oyebola, Yeganeh Pakbaz, Tamás Palicz, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Giovanni Paolino, Shahina Pardhan, Amrita Parida, Ava Pashaei, Roberto Passera, Shiv Patel, Shankargouda Patil, Shrikant Pawar, Shubhadarshini Pawar, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Mario F P Peres, Anil K Philip, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Edoardo Pirera, Evgenii Plotnikov, Roman V Polibin, Ville T Ponkilainen, Sajjad Pourasghary, Farzad Pourghazi, Mohsen Poursadeqiyan, Akram Pourshams, Nameer Hashim Qasim, Ibrahim Qattea, Xiang Qi, Zhipeng Qi, Jia-Yong Qiu, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Maja R Radojčić, Pankaja Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Fryad Majeed Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Adarsh Raja, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Sheena Ramazanu, Nemanja Rancic, Devarajan Rathish, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Andre M N Renzaho, Mina Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Abanoub Riad, João Rocha Rocha-Gomes, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Moustaq Karim Khan Rony, Himanshu Sekhar Rout, NS Chandan, Aly M A Saad, Cameron John Sabet, Mohd Saeed, Umar Saeed, Mehdi Safari, Morteza Saki, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Zikria Saleem, Mohamed A Saleh, Dauda Salihu, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Abdallah M Samy, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Aswini Saravanan, Mohammad Sarmadi, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C Sarode, Brijesh Sathian, Mukesh Kumar Sathya Narayanan, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Christophe Schinckus, Mohammad H Semreen, Pallav Sengupta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Yashendra Sethi, Allen Seylani, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Masood Ali Shaikh, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Anas Shamsi, Alfiya Shamsutdinova, Dan Shan, Amin Sharifan, Javad Sharifi Rad, Shamee Shastry, Ramzi Shawahna, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Samendra P Sherchan, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, Premalatha K Shetty, Md Monir Hossain Shimul, Nebiyu Aniley Shitaye, Aminu Shittu, Sina Shool, Sunil Shrestha, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Ayesha Siddiqua, Baljinder Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Puneetpal Singh, Surjit Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Farrukh Sobia, Balamrit Singh Sokhal, Prashant Sood, Soroush Soraneh, Michael Spartalis, Bahadar S Srichawla, Manikandan Srinivasan, Devin Bailey Srivastava, Andy Stergachis, Omer Subasi, Aravindkumar Subramanian, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Thanigaivel Sundaram, Chandan Kumar Swain, Lukasz Szarpak, Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei, Seyed Shahaboddin Tabatabaei, Celine Tabche, Mohammad Tabish, Yasaman Taheri Abkenar, Saba Tariq, Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee, Rahele Tavakoly, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Wegen Beyene Tesfamariam, Hadiza Theyra-Enias, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Madi Tleshev, Sojit Tomo, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, An Thien Tran, Tam Quoc Minh Tran, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Domenico Trico, Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini, Lorainne Tudor Car, Aniefiok John Udoakang, Atta Ullah, Himayat Ullah, Hauwa Onozasi Umar, Lawan Umar, Era Upadhyay, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Hande Uzunçıbuk, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Balachandar Vellingiri, Qingzhi Wang, Wei Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Fei-Long Wei, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Samuel Wiebe, Marcin W Wojewodzic, Zenghong Wu, Lishun Xiao, Wanqing Xie, Mahnaz Yadollahi, Haibo Yang, Renjulal Yesodharan, Dehui Yin, Malede Berihun Yismaw, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Deniz Yuce, Aurora Zanghì, Michael Zastrozhin, Mohammed Zawiah, Mohammed G M Zeariya, Sebastian Zensen, Tiansong Zhan, Xiaoyi Zhang, Zhongyi Zhao, Claire Chenwen Zhong, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Sa’ed H Zyoud, Jae Il Shin, Dong Keon Yon, Lee Smith

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):350-366.

Images of interest Cardiology Too much synchrony? Left bundle branch area pacing-induced systolic anterior motion and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction managed by intentional atrioventricular dyssynchrony

Hyung Ki Jeong, Sung Soo Kim, Hyun Kuk Kim, Young Jae Ki, Dong Hyun Choi, Keun Ho Park

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):367-368.

Rheumatology Relapsing polychondritis presenting with intractable chronic cough, acute visual disturbance, and hearing loss

Hyunje Kim, Eunjung Kong

Korean J Intern Med. 2026;41(2):369-371.