Korean J Intern Med > Volume 33(5); 2018 > Article |
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Characteristic | Total (n = 599) | sNa < 135 (n = 191) | sNa 135–145 (n = 408) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sodium levela, mmol/L | 137.3 (133.6–140.0) | 131.2 (127.9–133.4) | 139.1 (137.2–141.1) | |
Male sex | 359 (59.9) | 113 (59.2) | 246 (60.3) | 0.789 |
Age, yr | 76.3 ± 5.0 | 76.8 ± 5.7 | 76.0 ± 4.7 | 0.088 |
Hypertension | 592 (98.8) | 190 (99.5) | 402 (98.5) | 1.000 |
Diabetes mellitus | 401 (67.9) | 129 (68.6) | 272 (67.5) | 0.850 |
Congestive heart failure | 73 (12.2) | 28 (14.7) | 45 (11.0) | 0.227 |
Liver cirrhosis | 24 (4.0) | 8 (4.2) | 16 (3.9) | 0.827 |
Malignancy | 111 (18.5) | 39 (20.4) | 72 (17.6) | 0.431 |
CCI | 5.9 ± 3.2 | 5.9 ± 3.2 | 5.9 ± 3.1 | 0.825 |
Medication | ||||
Thiazide | 60 (10.0) | 24 (12.6) | 36 (8.8) | 0.188 |
Furosemide | 477 (79.8) | 157 (82.6) | 320 (78.4) | 0.274 |
RAAS blockade | 198 (33.1) | 70 (36.8) | 128 (31.4) | 0.192 |
β-Blocker | 428 (71.6) | 138 (72.6) | 290 (71.1) | 0.770 |
Calcium channel blocker | 436 (72.9) | 140 (73.7) | 296 (72.5) | 0.843 |
AVF + AVG/CVC | 150/435 | 20/164 | 130/271 | < 0.001 |
ER/LR | 369/230 | 82/109 | 287/121 | < 0.001 |
Systolic pressure, mmHg | 131.4 ± 25.2 | 131.2 ± 27.1 | 131.5 ± 24.3 | 0.907 |
Diastolic pressure, mmHg | 74.0 ± 14.4 | 73.2 ± 14.8 | 74.4 ± 14.2 | 0.352 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 6.30 ± 2.50 | 6.55 ± 2.66 | 6.18 ± 2.42 | 0.086 |
eGFRb, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 9.93 ± 4.54 | 9.45 ± 4.36 | 10.15 ± 4.61 | 0.077 |
WBC, /mm3 | 8.9 ± 5.2 | 9.6 ± 4.8 | 8.5 ± 5.4 | 0.021 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.4 ± 1.6 | 9.4 ± 1.6 | 9.4 ± 1.6 | 0.789 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.27 ± 0.62 | 3.11 ± 0.62 | 3.35 ± 0.61 | < 0.001 |
Corrected Ca, mg/dL | 8.28 ± 0.84 | 8.85 ± 0.70 | 8.86 ± 0.77 | 0.948 |
P, mg/dL | 5.00 ± 1.65 | 5.43 ± 1.94 | 4.81 ± 1.45 | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range), number (%), or mean ± SD.
sNa, serum sodium; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; RAAS, renin angiotensin aldosterone system; AVF, arteriovenous fistula; AVG, arteriovenous graft; CVC, central venous catheter; ER, early referral; LR, late referral; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; WBC, white blood cell; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus.
Total | β | Standardized β | 95% CI | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | –0.072 | –0.071 | –0.152 to 0.008 | 0.076 |
Male vs. female | 0.212 | 0.020 | –0.647 to 1.070 | 0.629 |
Hypertension | –0.712 | –0.013 | –5.008 to 3.584 | 0.745 |
Diabetes mellitus | –0.481 | –0.043 | –1.512 to 0.550 | 0.360 |
Congestive heart failure | –1.121 | –0.071 | –2.321 to 0.079 | 0.067 |
Malignancy | –0.233 | –0.018 | –1.613 to 1.147 | 0.740 |
Liver cirrhosis | 0.980 | 0.037 | –1.209 to 3.170 | 0.380 |
CCI | –0.087 | –0.037 | –0.366 to 0.191 | 0.538 |
eGFRa, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0.111 | 0.098 | 0.016 to 0.206 | 0.022 |
CVC/AVF + AVG | –2.201 | –0.188 | –3.157 to –1.245 | < 0.001 |
Nephrology referral (LR/ER) | –1.812 | –0.169 | –2.686 to –0.938 | < 0.001 |
WBC, /mm3 | –0.001 | –0.001 | –0.083 to 0.081 | 0.979 |
Phosphorus, mg/dL | –0.374 | –0.116 | –0.640 to –0.107 | 0.006 |
Albumin, g/dL | 0.959 | 0.113 | 0.274 to 1.644 | 0.006 |
Multivariable: adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, Charlson comorbidity index, nephrology referral, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, phosphorus, vascular access, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system blockade, and β-blocker.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; sNa, serum sodium.
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